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Intentions, Objectives and Profits of Group Therapy
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
192-197
Received:
2 October 2021
Accepted:
21 October 2021
Published:
5 November 2021
Abstract: Groups practiced in a therapeutic aim are often organized according to a certain type of activity. Theoretical reflection nourishes practice. Some were initiated at the end of World War II, for instance the so called “Institutional Psychotherapy”. This gave birth to different approaches practiced in some psychiatric institutions, then in various associations meant to improve practices in mental health. Other approaches are of educational aim, of which psycho-education, cognitive remediation, therapeutic education. The author initiated a method of speech group that can go to various publics, as much to patients as to family members or to those who want to become trained around different problems of mental health. These groups apply to people enduring addiction, of bipolar mood disorder, to carers in mental health and to helping peers. The method is elaborated on the base of constant dialogue between professionals coaching and participants. Five educational intentions emerged in this practice: transmission of knowledge, allowing participants to know themselves, arousing the taste to change, liberating speech, use of a universal language. The tool is readjusted progressively because it evolves, at a time, according to the information that the professionals want to transmit and to participants’ examples. During the meetings all participants share on an equal base, coaches included. This exchange allows the participants to free their speech, to take confidence in them and to enter a group dynamic helping them to move forward.
Abstract: Groups practiced in a therapeutic aim are often organized according to a certain type of activity. Theoretical reflection nourishes practice. Some were initiated at the end of World War II, for instance the so called “Institutional Psychotherapy”. This gave birth to different approaches practiced in some psychiatric institutions, then in various as...
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Academic Procrastination of Adolescents: A Brief Review of the Literature
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
198-208
Received:
1 September 2021
Accepted:
2 November 2021
Published:
12 November 2021
Abstract: Procrastination is a common behavioral and psychological concern that refers to unnecessarily delaying tasks and experiencing negative results. Adolescent students are the ones especially prone to suffer from academic procrastination as they are in a unique stage of rapid development and growth. Previous research has demonstrated that adolescent academic procrastination is related to self-regulation, self-efficacy, motivation, perfectionism, and parenting. Moreover, the Internet, especially smartphones and online games, has presented new ways to procrastinate. Online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has implications for academic procrastination as well. Therefore, the aim of this literature review is to synthesize studies on academic procrastination of teenagers and consider individual, family, and technology perspectives. Interventions, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT), treat procrastination, with common strategies targeting specific behaviors and emotions. To address some limitations, future research should expand to Eastern contexts, construct reliable measures, address distance learning, and develop alternative treatment approaches. This line of research would help teachers and parents support adolescent students in reducing their urges to procrastinate and developing good learning habits to lay a foundation for future studies and work.
Abstract: Procrastination is a common behavioral and psychological concern that refers to unnecessarily delaying tasks and experiencing negative results. Adolescent students are the ones especially prone to suffer from academic procrastination as they are in a unique stage of rapid development and growth. Previous research has demonstrated that adolescent ac...
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The Role of State and Trait Emotional Empathy Toward Animals in the Associations of Dissociation and Meat Consumption
Kaili Zhao,
Qianxia Jiang,
Xianyou He
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
209-215
Received:
11 October 2021
Accepted:
28 October 2021
Published:
17 November 2021
Abstract: Many people enjoy eating meat but dislike the harming of animals that it entails. Dissociating meat from its animal origins has been identified as a powerful way to avoid cognitive dissonance resulting from this ‘meat paradox’. Extending previous research, this study examined the effect of dissociation on meat consumption and elucidate the role of state and trait emotional empathy toward animals in the associations of dissociation and meat consumption. Using a between-subjects design, participants were randomly allocated to dissociation-blocking condition or dissociation condition and completed measures of trait emotional empathy, state emotional empathy and positivity toward meat consuming. Results showed that dissociation-blocking was associated with reduced positivity to meat consuming. State emotional empathy mediated the association between dissociation and meat consumption and trait emotional empathy moderated the direct effect of dissociation on meat consumption, exactly, among participants who scored lower in trait emotional empathy, the effect of dissociation on meat consumption was significant, while among those who scored high in trait emotional empathy, the effect of dissociation on meat consumption was insignificant. To conclude, the present study demonstrated the effect of dissociation on meat consumption and further revealed the mediation effect of state emotional empathy and the moderation effect of trait emotional empathy in the associations between dissociation and meat consumption, which provided a unique insight into the relationship between dissociation and meat consumption.
Abstract: Many people enjoy eating meat but dislike the harming of animals that it entails. Dissociating meat from its animal origins has been identified as a powerful way to avoid cognitive dissonance resulting from this ‘meat paradox’. Extending previous research, this study examined the effect of dissociation on meat consumption and elucidate the role of ...
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Day-hospitalization: A New Tool in Treatment of Addicted Patients
Thomas Wallenhorst,
Jacques Cornet,
Nadia Liechti,
Caroline Massicard,
Helen Euvrard
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
216-219
Received:
16 October 2021
Accepted:
9 November 2021
Published:
17 November 2021
Abstract: The setting up of the day-hospital since February 2018 was a bet on the institutional plan because the team dared to begin with already existing means: every professional was committed part time but already working in another unit. The economic viability has been proven; this permitted enrollment of staff and increase of activity. The practice with addicted patients started in 2001 by creation of an Out-Patients Center. Professionals also intervened in other units: Emergency department, General Medicine, Surgery, Obs and Gyne, and Psychiatry. Five beds on an Adult Psychiatry ward were reserved for withdrawal. The care associates individual and group accompaniment. Professionals are trained to look for resources inviting patients to rely on them and developing them. Speech group sessions every week during two hours are one of the pillars of the care. It will be proposed to every participant, at a time, to learn how to listen to what happens in his/her interior life, to listen to other participants and to speak up sharing experience. There is a constant reflection about the efficiency of the tool which is regularly adjusted to patients’ needs: a patient centered approach is practiced. Day-hospitalization as an element in the care of addicted patients permits a more differentiated approach of each individual. It should be reserved to particularly vulnerable patients offering them care according to individual needs.
Abstract: The setting up of the day-hospital since February 2018 was a bet on the institutional plan because the team dared to begin with already existing means: every professional was committed part time but already working in another unit. The economic viability has been proven; this permitted enrollment of staff and increase of activity. The practice with...
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Teacher-student Relationships and Adolescent Academic Burnout: The Moderating Role of General Self-concept
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
220-225
Received:
28 October 2021
Accepted:
17 November 2021
Published:
25 November 2021
Abstract: Academic burnout is a common problem among teenagers. Previous studies have explored the influence of teacher-student relationships and general self-concept on adolescent academic burnout; however, studies on their interactive influence on adolescent academic burnout are lacking. Thus, based on social cognitive theory, this study aimed to explore the interactive influence of teacher-student relationships and general self-concept on adolescents’ academic burnout. In total, 1,214 adolescents responded to the Teacher-student Relationships Questionnaire, Self-Description Questionnaire II, and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey. The results showed that both teacher-student relationships and general self-concept negatively predicted academic burnout (p < 0.01). Linear regression analysis showed that the main effects of teacher-student relationships (p < 0.001) and of general self-concept (p < 0.001) on academic burnout were significant. Moreover, the interactive effect of teacher-student relationships and general self-concept on adolescent academic burnout was significant (p < 0.01). High general self-concept reduced the influence of poor teacher-student relationships on adolescents' academic burnout. Adolescents with high general self-concept experienced the least academic burnout in the presence of good teacher-student relationships, while adolescents with low general self-concept experienced the most academic burnout in the presence of poor teacher-student relationships. The results of this study indicated methods to reduce the academic burnout of adolescents, suggesting not only the importance of the external environment of adolescents but also the need to improve students' internal resources to help them achieve better self-concept.
Abstract: Academic burnout is a common problem among teenagers. Previous studies have explored the influence of teacher-student relationships and general self-concept on adolescent academic burnout; however, studies on their interactive influence on adolescent academic burnout are lacking. Thus, based on social cognitive theory, this study aimed to explore t...
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Influence of Students' Value Determinants on the Content of Decisions Made in Conditions of Uncertainty and Risk
Kuznetsova Julia Nikolaevna,
Kalimullina Olga Anatolievna,
Khairullin Raphael Ravilievich,
Kalmanovich Vladimir Lvovich
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
226-230
Received:
25 October 2021
Accepted:
15 November 2021
Published:
29 November 2021
Abstract: The problem of decision-making (PR) is one of the most important research topics in both interdisciplinary and general psychological terms. Its relevance is related to the importance of the role that PR processes play in any behavioral act, including in the structure of activities. The solution of complex and diverse tasks related to decision-making is impossible without revealing the psychological characteristics of a person embedded in the patterns of organization and functioning of the psyche. Analyzing the content of the decisions made, you can most clearly and comprehensively trace the specific features perception, interpretation, and processing of information by the subject, which, in turn, depend on his value preferences. When they use the term "decision" (or "decision making"), they mean both the process and the result of choosing a goal and how to achieve it. The decision is a link between the processes of obtaining and processing information (cognition) and a particular variant of human behavior and action. Decision-making itself is certainly a psychological process that involves in developed forms a preliminary awareness of the goal and method of action, working out various options, etc., but it is "located" on the border between internal (mental) and external (subject-activity). In acceptance solutions integrate a person's knowledge, interests, and worldview. The most important feature of this process is its strong-willed nature. Decision-making is not only a specific type of purposeful human activity, but also an attribute of this activity, its structural element, and the value preferences of the individual play an important role in evaluating everything that happens.
Abstract: The problem of decision-making (PR) is one of the most important research topics in both interdisciplinary and general psychological terms. Its relevance is related to the importance of the role that PR processes play in any behavioral act, including in the structure of activities. The solution of complex and diverse tasks related to decision-makin...
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Using Drugs to Treat Drug Dependence: Exploring the Use of MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for Individuals with PTSD and Concurrent Substance Use
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
231-240
Received:
27 October 2021
Accepted:
26 November 2021
Published:
2 December 2021
Abstract: The importance of treating concurrent Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and substance use with psychedelics is a controversial topic, hampered in part by a lack of empirical evidence and rigidity of substance scheduling. Traditional treatments for concurrent PTSD and substance use concerns are compartmentalized, with clinicians focusing on one condition over the other. In addition, traditional medication treatments are costly, requires significant time to take effect, and often come with debilitating side effects, resulting in decreased treatment retention and outcomes. Here, the aim of this manuscript is to explore the intricate mechanisms keeping concurrent PTSD and substance use in place and how traditional treatment methods are ineffective in treating the root cause of these conditions. The link between PTSD and substance use as a coping strategy is explored through the Self-Medication Hypothesis in combination with the prevalence of Adverse Childhood Events. The use of 3, 4 Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted therapy is explored as a new and promising integrated treatment focusing on the safety, internal process, trust, and therapeutic rapport of the client and clinician. MDMA-assisted therapy consists of only a couple doses of a psychoactive substance administered in a controlled environment and under strict supervision. MDMA-assisted psychotherapy is more cost-effective than traditional treatments with virtually no adverse effects when compared to psychotropic medications. MDMA-assisted psychotherapy is shorter in length and more effective than traditional therapy with positive outcomes achieved within weeks, and lasting multiple years. Suggestions for future research include involving individuals who use substances and greater diversity and number in study samples. In addition, this manuscript contains recommendations for clinical practice for therapist training, an integrative treatment approach, and affordable access to MDMA-assisted treatment for PTSD and concurrent disorders. Finally, recommendations are made for the rescheduling of MDMA to allow for more significant research and clinical practice opportunities.
Abstract: The importance of treating concurrent Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and substance use with psychedelics is a controversial topic, hampered in part by a lack of empirical evidence and rigidity of substance scheduling. Traditional treatments for concurrent PTSD and substance use concerns are compartmentalized, with clinicians focusing on one ...
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Parents May Help Their Kids to Lie
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
241-246
Received:
3 November 2021
Accepted:
25 November 2021
Published:
2 December 2021
Abstract: Deception was one way (possibly not a good way) for children to interact with surroundings by considering others’ perspective. The development of deception itself, as well as the strategy of deception, was related to the environment they lived in and people they live with. In this study, we conducted experiment using “Die in a cup” task. By inducing parents to help their children to lie about the dice results, we showed that in order to escape from uncertainty (in exp1), or get a bigger chance to win a reward (in exp2), parents, together with their kids, lied on a aggregated level. Specifically, baby boys adopted more radical strategies to win for a present (by claiming they got the best results, Boys vs. Girls: 29% vs. 13% in exp1, 9%:0.4% in exp2), while baby girls ended up to choose a better but not obvious result. Although parents were not directly tested in our experiments, it is only with their help that children could complete their game, particularly showed consistent deception. Compared to previous research that men constantly cheat more than women, we could say that the way children were brought up shaped the way they will be as an adult.
Abstract: Deception was one way (possibly not a good way) for children to interact with surroundings by considering others’ perspective. The development of deception itself, as well as the strategy of deception, was related to the environment they lived in and people they live with. In this study, we conducted experiment using “Die in a cup” task. By inducin...
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Conditions and Causes of Split Ad Effectiveness
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
247-255
Received:
10 November 2021
Accepted:
11 December 2021
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: Split advertising technique involves two distinct and separate components that must be jointly experienced to receive the entirety of a message. An example is a Nike ad that began on TV and then was completed at a web site. This mode of presentation is termed the “split advertising technique” or simply, the “split ad technique” as well as Hybrid style of advertising. The objective of this investigation is to explore the effectiveness of the split ad technique. Experiment 1 provides evidence that split ads can increase attitudes of light users. This increase seems due to the importance attached to the information contained in the second part of the split ad. In experimentation two, in addition to replicating results from Experiment 1, a more complex pattern of responses is discovered when timing of measurement is considered. For measurements taken immediately after exposure to the advertising materials, enhanced attitudes and attribute importance were again manifest for light users exposed to a split ad, and undermined attitudes were observed for heavy users. However, for measures taken after a week’s delay, the positive influence on light users did not persist. The negative impact on heavy users, however, was enduring. Results of two experiments indicate that a split ad can focus attention on information contained in its latter half, and in so doing, can produce more positive attitudes than traditional, uninterrupted ads. However, findings also suggest that the effects of split ads may be confined to particular conditions favoring limited processing and may be somewhat fleeting.
Abstract: Split advertising technique involves two distinct and separate components that must be jointly experienced to receive the entirety of a message. An example is a Nike ad that began on TV and then was completed at a web site. This mode of presentation is termed the “split advertising technique” or simply, the “split ad technique” as well as Hybrid st...
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Personalized Communication Strategies: Towards a New Debtor Typology Framework
Minou Ghaffari,
Maxime Kaniewicz,
Stephan Stricker
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
256-268
Received:
28 October 2021
Accepted:
27 November 2021
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: The debt collection industry collected 6 billion euros in Germany in 2020, which roughly amounted to 0.2% of the country’s GDP. As a result, the performance of debt collection agencies is critical for the stability of vast parts of the economy. Yet, a systematic understanding of debtors’ personalities and the most successful way to approach them is still lacking. The aim of the present study is twofold: First, based on debt collection agency (PAIR Finance) data, we established a novel debtor typology framework that extends previous research by including 4 behavioral dimensions. Second, we investigated how the success of communication strategies differs depending on a debtor’s typology. Typology scores were generated based on 72 features. Outbound communication strategies varied in the way they were phrased (tonality) and the time of day when they were sent out (timing). Our results show that debtors’ typologies can be identified based on 4 dimensions: Willingness to pay, ability to pay, financial organization, and rational behavior. Using these dimensions, debtors could be classified into 16 different typologies. We identified 5 main typologies, which account for 63% of the debtors in our data set. Further, we observed that each debtor typology reacted differently to the content and timing of reminder messages, allowing us to define an optimal debt collection strategy for each typology. For example, sending a reciprocity message at 8 p.m. in the evening is the most successful strategy to observe a reaction from a debtor who is willing to pay their debt, able to pay their debt, chaotic in terms of their financial organization, and emotional when communicating and handling their finances. In sum, our findings suggest that each debtor type should be approached in a personalized way using different tonalities and timing schedules.
Abstract: The debt collection industry collected 6 billion euros in Germany in 2020, which roughly amounted to 0.2% of the country’s GDP. As a result, the performance of debt collection agencies is critical for the stability of vast parts of the economy. Yet, a systematic understanding of debtors’ personalities and the most successful way to approach them is...
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Adaptation and Validation of Conners-3 Teacher and Parent Rating Scales on Lebanese Children
Karma El Hassan,
Zainab Haidar
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
269-278
Received:
9 November 2021
Accepted:
29 November 2021
Published:
31 December 2021
Abstract: Conners-3 rating scale is primarily used in the assessment of ADHD and it has been found to be instrumental in variety of areas such as screening, assessment, and treatment monitoring. Most, if not all, rating scales are developed on western standards and available in different languages especially, English. For this reason, we adapted the Conners-3 teacher and parent rating scales since we are ethically responsible to have a rating scale that assess ADHD and takes into consideration the linguistic and cultural differences among the Lebanese population. Conners-3 aims to measure ADHD and most common comorbid problems in children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to adapt and validate the Conners-3 teacher and parent rating scales to the Lebanese context. The International Test Commission (ITC) guidelines were used for translating the rating scales, and then they were reviewed by professionals, piloted, revised, and then administered. The sample consisted of students enrolled in grades 1 through 12 from nine schools. Their parents (455) and 108 teachers of (509) students filled the respective Conners-3 rating scales. The reliability and validity of the scales was investigated by examining the internal consistency and test-retest reliabilities, construct validity in terms of gender and age differences, discriminant validity between ADHD and non-ADHD groups, and Exploratory Factor Analysis. The reliability coefficients and discriminant validity were moderate to high. Age and gender differences were not well defined, and the obtained factor structure partially resembled that of the original Conners-3. Norms in terms of T scores and percentiles were reported. Results were discussed and limitations and recommendations for the future studies were proposed.
Abstract: Conners-3 rating scale is primarily used in the assessment of ADHD and it has been found to be instrumental in variety of areas such as screening, assessment, and treatment monitoring. Most, if not all, rating scales are developed on western standards and available in different languages especially, English. For this reason, we adapted the Conners-...
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